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1.
Front Cardiovasc Med ; 11: 1310300, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38500759

RESUMO

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with subsequent higher risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Serum copeptin, as a proxy for vasopressin, and urinary uromodulin, were associated with PE physiopathology and kidney functional mass respectively. We describe concentrations of these proteins in the post-partum period and characterize their association with persistent hypertension (HTN) or albuminuria. Methods: Patients with PE and healthy controls with uncomplicated pregnancy were prospectively included at two teaching hospitals in Switzerland. Clinical parameters along with serum copeptin and urinary uromodulin were measured at 6 weeks post-partum. PE patients were further characterized based on presence of HTN (defined as either systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mmHg or diastolic (BP) ≥90 mmHg) or albuminuria [defined as urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥3 mg/mmol]. Results: We included 226 patients with 35 controls, 120 (62.8%) PE with persistent HTN/albuminuria and 71 (37.1%) PE without persistent HTN/albuminuria. Median serum copeptin concentration was 4.27 (2.9-6.2) pmol/L without differences between study groups (p > 0.05). Higher copeptin levels were associated with higher SBP in controls (p = 0.039), but not in PE (p > 0.05). Median urinary uromodulin concentration was 17.5 (7.8-28.7) mg/g with lower levels in PE patients as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001), but comparable levels between PE patients with or without HTN/albuminuria (p > 0.05). Higher uromodulin levels were associated with lower albuminuria in PE as well as control patients (p = 0.040). Conclusion: Serum copeptin levels at 6 weeks post-partum are similar between PE patients and healthy controls and cannot distinguish between PE with or without residual kidney damage. This would argue against a significant pathophysiological role of the vasopressin pathway in mediating organ damage in the post-partum period. On the opposite, post-partum urinary uromodulin levels are markedly lower in PE patients as compared to healthy controls, potentially reflecting an increased susceptibility to vascular and kidney damage that could associate with adverse long-term cardiovascular and kidney outcomes.

2.
Rev Med Suisse ; 20(859): 247-251, 2024 Jan 31.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38299955

RESUMO

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is becoming increasingly common as a result of the increase in overweight, obesity and maternal age among pregnant women. As a result, in order to provide early hygienic and dietary management, it is recommended that targeted screening be carried out in the first trimester of pregnancy, based on the identification of risk factors in women. In the absence of risk factors, screening for gestational diabetes should be carried out for all pregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation. During pregnancy, the safest pharmacological treatment remains insulin, and the term of delivery should take account of additional risk factors, insulin requirements, fœtal growth kinetics and the balance of GDM. In the longer term, gestational diabetes should be regarded as a metabolic and cardiovascular warning sign.


Dû à l'augmentation du surpoids, de l'obésité et de l'âge maternel chez les femmes enceintes, le diabète gestationnel (DG) est de plus en plus fréquent. De ce fait, afin d'offrir une prise en charge hygiénodiététique précoce, il est recommandé d'effectuer un dépistage ciblé au premier trimestre de la grossesse pour identifier les facteurs de risque. En leur absence, le dépistage du DG doit être réalisé chez toutes les femmes enceintes entre 24 et 28 SA. Au cours de la grossesse, le traitement pharmacologique le plus sécuritaire reste l'insuline et le terme d'accouchement doit tenir compte des facteurs de risque surajoutés, des besoins en insuline, de la cinétique de croissance fœtale et de l'équilibre du DG. À plus long terme, le DG doit être considéré comme une alerte métabolique et cardiovasculaire.


Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional , Ginecologia , Obstetrícia , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/terapia , Insulina , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/terapia
3.
Rev Med Suisse ; 19(846): 1922-1930, 2023 Oct 18.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37850805

RESUMO

Headache is a common complaint in the postpartum period and is benign in most cases. Physiological adaptations during pregnancy and childbirth put women at risk of secondary headaches and the clinician must be able to identify them at an early stage. The management algorithm described in this article provides a systematic assessment based on 4 key points: the clinical presentation, which refers to specific clinical pictures or severity criteria, the clinical context and the evolution of symptoms focusing on potential complications and known associations between different diseases. Indications for imaging (CT or MRI) and possible treatments during breastfeeding are also detailed.


Les céphalées (primaires et secondaires) sont une plainte courante durant la période du postpartum et sont, dans la majorité des cas, bénignes. Les modifications physiologiques liées à la grossesse et à l'accouchement entraînent un risque de céphalées secondaires et le praticien doit savoir les identifier précocement. L'algorithme de prise en charge décrit dans cet article permet une évaluation systématisée et repose sur quatre points essentiels : la présentation clinique, qui oriente vers des tableaux cliniques spécifiques ou des critères de gravité, le contexte clinique et l'évolution de la symptomatologie, en insistant sur les complications potentielles, ainsi que les associations connues entre différentes pathologies. Les indications pour une imagerie (scanner ou IRM) sont détaillées ainsi que les traitements possibles durant l'allaitement.


Assuntos
Cefaleia , Período Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Cefaleia/diagnóstico , Cefaleia/etiologia , Cefaleia/terapia , Aleitamento Materno , Parto
4.
Rev Med Suisse ; 16(682): 345-349, 2020 Feb 19.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32073767

RESUMO

Prenatal care allows early detection of risks and complications in the pregnant women in an attempt to minimize problems at birth and delivery. In Geneva, prenatal care is organized as a collaboration between private and liberal in-hospital network with a ranking in the pregnancy risk levels to adapt follow-up. The perinatal care structure should be built in a way to identify risks prompting professionals to adapt from the normal physiological care to a therapeutic escalation one appropriated to the detected risk level. Effective inter-professional collaboration around the mother-child dyad (and even the family) depends on a privileged multidisciplinary interaction platform in which, wide inter-professional communication, particularly between midwife-obstetrician-neonatalogist, is essential.


La prise en charge prénatale permet d'anticiper les complications afin de minimiser les risques au moment de l'accouchement et de la naissance. En Suisse, elle s'organise autour d'une collaboration du réseau libéral et hospitalier avec une hiérarchisation du niveau de risque de la grossesse pour le suivi. La structure de la prise en charge périnatale doit être construite de façon à identifier les risques obligeant les professionnels à sortir de la voie physiologique classique pour une escalade thérapeutique anticipative, appropriée selon les niveaux de risque. Une collaboration efficace autour du couple mère-enfant (ou même de la famille) dépend donc d'une plateforme d'interaction multidisciplinaire privilégiée dans laquelle la communication interprofessionnelle, et particulièrement sage-femme-obstétricien-néonatologue, est essentielle.


Assuntos
Mães , Assistência Perinatal , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Tocologia , Obstetrícia , Gravidez
5.
Rev Med Suisse ; 14(624): 1877-1883, 2018 Oct 24.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30375787

RESUMO

One in five pregnant women has obesity in Europe. It is an independent risk factor for maternal and foetal complications during pregnancy and delivery, increasing linearly with pre-conceptional body mass index. Excessive gestational weight gain further aggravates these risks. The clinician should measure body weight at each visit from the 1st trimester of pregnancy, search and monitor complications and be aware of preventive measures. A balanced diet with low glycemic load and light to moderate physical activity 30­60 minutes 3­5 times per week should be recommended during pregnancy and postpartum to control gestational weight gain and reduce the risks of short and long-term maternal and infant complications.


L'obésité touche une femme enceinte sur cinq en Europe, ce qui constitue un facteur de risque indépendant de complications maternelles et fœtales pendant la grossesse et l'accouchement, et augmente de manière linéaire avec l'indice de masse corporelle préconceptionnel. Une prise de poids excessive pendant la grossesse aggrave ce risque initial. Le clinicien devrait mesurer le poids maternel à chaque visite dès le 1er trimestre, ainsi que rechercher et surveiller les complications et connaître les mesures de prévention. Une alimentation équilibrée à index glycémique bas et une activité physique légère à modérée 30­60 minutes, 3­5 fois par semaine, doivent être encouragées pendant la grossesse et le postpartum afin de contrôler la prise pondérale et réduire les risques de complications maternelles et infantiles à court et à long termes.


Assuntos
Obesidade , Complicações na Gravidez , Índice de Massa Corporal , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Obesidade/complicações , Gravidez , Aumento de Peso
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